Friday, July 16, 2021

UAP/UFOs - An Integral Meta-Theory Exploration

 

(Click to enlarge each graphic)

[This post is available as a PDF]

Recent public and special interest UAP/UFO conversations appear to be getting broader and deeper. I've been learning how to explore this complex topic using a meta-theory framework of research methodologies based on Integral Theory

This integrative meta-theory process uses a '4-quadrant' framework that helps to determine our level of confidence in different UAP/UFO data, stories and claims. 

The 4 quadrants identify fundamentally different ways of perceiving and experiencing our world.


For each of these quadrants there are well established ways of knowing, collecting and processing data, and validating claims about the nature of reality.


These 4 quadrants bring different lenses to UAP/UFO research and analysis through Objective (IT), Subjective (I), Inter-subjective (WE) and Inter-objective (ITS) realities.


For example, different ways of exploring UAP/UFOs and related phenomena might sit in each quadrant as follows.

Let's consider a few common UAP/UFO topics in each quadrant. Each of these represents a data source which may be analysed leading to claims about that topic. 

The following lists one possible claim (in green) for each type of evidence. 

In the past most UAP/UFO conversation privileged the 'IT' quadrant - and for many this quadrant of 'Objective Reality' is still a key focus. It often involves conversations about observable empiric physical data. 

Integral theory reminds us that there are many other ways to explore reality that are just as important. Any claim based on evidence from just one quadrant can only ever be a partial view - part of the bigger picture.

One benefit of a 4 quadrant integral approach is that we can increase our understanding of, and confidence in, a particular claim by looking for corresponding claims based on data points in other quadrants. This approach to research is known as Integral Methodological Pluralism.

For example highlighted below are claims in different quadrants that are related to the assertion that Non-Human Intelligences (NHIs) are visiting Earth with UAP/UFOs. 

When we discover similar claims based on  data points in multiple quadrants we may become more confident in a particular assertion.

Highlighted below are claims in different quadrants related to an assertion that some groups on Earth may know more about UAP/UFOs than they have publicly revealed.

When similar claims appear in multiple quadrants we may gain increasing confidence in those claims. We might choose to rate our level of confidence as follows:

The ratings below are indicative of my current levels of confidence in some UAP/UFO related claims arising from multiple research methodologies based on data points from different quadrants.


Different researchers may privilege particular quadrants, while completely ignoring others, which necessarily results in a partial view of a phenomenon.

In addition, a researcher's worldviews can colour their perceptions.


Individual worldviews may limit or expand our perceptions. Shared worldviews may do the same within disciplines or communities of practice. We can be blind to data points we "know can't possibly exist" because of our unquestioned beliefs and assumptions.

For example, those with positivistic classical views of the world may discount or not even recognise data points in the subjective or intersubjective quadrants. In the example we have been considering this may make 25% of data points invisible, or even if they are seen they may be easily discounted. 


Extending this example to those who may hold positivistic materialistic worldviews results in much more data becoming invisible or designated as 'nonsense' or 'immaterial' to "rigorous research". 


Taking this to its extreme we may consider a researcher with dominant worldviews that are world centric, positivistic and materialist who may not see any evidence of UAP/UFOs deemed worthy of consideration.



Of course we all have our blind spots. This is one reason why a 4-quadrant integral approach emphasises the importance of using multiple research methodologies spread across the quadrants.

The more we consider UAP/UFO research claims the more we are challenged to expand our worldviews. 

In many UAP/UFO conversations it's often apparent that 'experts' may only be expressing partial truths. Collaborative multidisciplinary international research is very much needed - as are scientific worldviews that expand beyond positivistic beliefs and assumptions.

This post has only been an introduction to a simple 4-quadrant integral approach. For a deeper consideration of integral approaches to the UAP/UFO issue see the following.

Piacenza, Giorgio (2019) Integral Ufology, Part Five


Esbjorn Hargens, Sean and Salzman, Jeff (2019) Taking Aliens Seriously - Interview Video and Transcript

Esbjorn Hargens, Sean (2020) Integral Ufology Panel Discussion - Video

Wednesday, July 7, 2021

50 Years of UAP/UFO Intelligence

 
Click to enlarge

The above table compares public statements made about UAP in 2021 with those made publicly (and secretly) about UFOs before 1971. The left hand side represents statements made in a 2021 report by US National Intelligence while the right hand side has statements made in an archived 1971 report by Australian Intelligence which is publicly available through National Archives Australia or The Black Vault.

The striking similarity between public UAP/UFO statements made 50 years apart makes one wonder if the underlying beliefs and agenda are still the same.

While the short public unclassified 2021 report doesn't explicitly unpack all those beliefs and agenda the 1971 report does so in some detail which may lead to helpful insights when interpreting today's 'Disclosure' environment.

Let's examine the underlying processes, beliefs and agenda considered in the 1971 report for each of the types of statement listed in the above table. 


UAPs/UFOs are real and need further study

Processes/Beliefs/Agenda: Official US investigations as early as 1947 believed that some reported UFO phenomena were real, and initially Soviet advanced aircraft were suspected. Further study was called for which was publicly stated to be for the collection and analysis of more UFO incidents while for some government agencies it was more about determining UFO propulsion methods. Considerable funds were later allocated to investigate and control gravity through six Gravity Control Centres.

We don't know what they are?

Processes/Beliefs/Agenda: While initially suspecting Soviet advanced aircraft, by 1948 most US investigators were focussing on an interplanetary origin. The Pentagon rejected any interplanetary conclusions due to a lack of hard evidence. In 1949 US Intelligence recommended placing more effort on collecting factual evidence that included photographs, radar, physical evidence and data on size and shape, rather than recording, analysing and evaluating all UFO incident reports. 

During the 1950s several recently retired US Intelligence Officers repeatedly stated that it was already known that some UFOs were extraterrestrial. In 1960 it became an offence under the Espionage Act for retired service personnel to reveal data on UFOs.

UAPs/UFOs are a threat to national security

Processes/Beliefs/Agenda: UFOs being a threat to national security was often expressed although this view wasn't universally accepted. UFO data collection became classified and attempts were made to discredit any acceptance of UFOs. During 1949 official investigating personnel were replaced "with personnel willing to ridicule the concept of UFOs"

In 1953 an intelligence report based on the work of a panel of scientists concluded that there was no direct threat to national security. 

There are UAP/UFO safety concerns

Processes/Beliefs/Agenda: In 1952 there was a twenty fold rise in reported UFO activity which raised concerns that overcrowded military communications and defence forces involvement lessened the level of national alertness against possible enemy attack. In 2021 the concern expressed about UAP activity in the public report was more about air traffic safety.

We have limited data on UAPs/UFOs

Processes/Beliefs/Agenda: Throughout the years of the UFO phenomenon, there has been a persistent official view that the percentage of unknowns would be reduced if more data was available. This is a misleading view since thousands of incident reports were available. By the mid 1950s 900 incident reports were considered to be 'Good' or 'Excellent' and formal reporting procedures were in place for many government agencies. 

Scope: Narrow

Processes/Beliefs/Agenda: In the past formal public reports on UAP/UFOs narrowed the range of incident reporting years that were considered to reduce the perceived number of unknowns "no matter how senseless the identification became". This was more about a process of managing public perceptions than honest reporting. During 1953 the purpose of Project Blue Book was changed to be "a means of publicly "debunking" UFOs".

Natural explanations are most likely

Processes/Beliefs/Agenda: Many UFO incidents can be attributed to natural phenomena however this fact has been deliberately over emphasised to imply that most UFO incidents are natural phenomena and those that remain unknown will eventually turn out to be natural phenomena. 

In 1949 a 600 page report on UFOs concluded that all incident reports "were the result of misidentifications, mass hysteria and hoaxes".

In 1953 an Intelligence report called for the public to be educated to recognise balloons and meteors, and that "a policy of "debunking" should be introduced to reduce public interest". "The public is to be only informed of the results of individual cases where "the object is positively identified as a familiar object". "

The 2021 UAP report only identified one incident. "We were able to identify one reported UAP with high confidence. In that case, we identified the object as a large, deflating balloon."

Trained observers with instrumentation provide more reliable reports

Processes/Beliefs/Agenda: The value of trained observers was recognised in both the 1971 and 2021 reports. It was also recognised by the public. In 1954 airline pilots "were coerced by military intelligence... to agree to not informing the public of their UFO sightings".

Control of public awareness of the UFO situation was tightened in 1953 when service personnel were prohibited from discussing UFOs and threatened with 10 years jail and up to a $10,000 fine. 

By erecting a façade of ridicule the US hoped to "allay public alarm" and provide a "cover for the real US programmes developing vehicles that emulated UFO performances".

The 1971 report noted that many countries gave credence to the public façade and uncritically accepted information that had been widely discredited by retired US service personnel as well as by scientists.

The 2021 report noted that there was a 'stigma' associated with reporting UAP incidents. (See UAP Collection Challenges.)

We need a more scientific approach

Processes/Beliefs/Agenda: In 1966 well-publicised Michigan sightings were officially identified as being 'swamp gas' which caused a public outcry. There was a call for a more scientific approach and that university teams should be involved. However this move was discredited when the academic called on to lead the project publicly stated that "my attitude right now is that there's nothing to it, but I 'm not supposed to reach a conclusion for another year". A memorandum was also revealed outlining a method to trick the public. 

There have been constant calls for greater scientific involvement however even the 2021 report noted that stigma and "reputational risk" complicates scientific pursuit of the UAP topic. The 2021 report believes that "the effects of these stigmas have lessened as senior members of the scientific, policy, military, and intelligence communities engage on the topic seriously in public."


Moving forward...

It's clear that UAP/UFO incidents and studies have a long history coloured by many factors. I'm not really interested in finger pointing. I am interested in processes to move forward and co-create preferred futures.

UAP/UFO 'Disclosure' as some have noted is a long and complicated process. Some of the beliefs, attitudes and successful management of public perception through the 1940s to 1960s became deeply ingrained in society and culture - and not just in the US.

It's also clear that through the 1940s to 1960s there were competing processes, beliefs and agenda between and even within government agencies dealing with UFO phenomena. That's probably still true today. 

However while there may be many similarities between the 2021 and 1971 reports we live in a very different world today. As the preliminary June 2021 report notes there is now public engagement by senior members of scientific, policy, military, and intelligence communities.

Christopher Mellon and others believe there has been significant progress towards open transparency

Over the last couple of decades in parallel to the intelligence/military conversation many credible scientists, academics and investigative journalists have been progressing our understanding of the UAP/UFO issue through a range of publications. There are even comprehensive courses on Exo Studies. It's in this space that we find a deeper understanding and conversation of both UAPs/UFOs and related phenomena - including the nature of extraterrestrial intelligences.

Since 1971, and particularly since 2001, many more ex service personnel and others have credibly spoken out about alleged 'secret projects' in the UAP/UFO space. Much more has potentially been revealed since the 1971 report. It remains to be seen how the next ODNI report will address these complex issues and the long standing competing agenda discussed above.

Fifty years ago the 1971 Australian Intelligence report hopefully asked for increased transparency that was "scientifically sound and intellectually honest towards unravelling the UFO mystery". This is now emerging as a multidisciplinary and global conversation.